Week 2

 ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)

ARPANET was the first wide area packet switching network, which was created by IPTO (Information Processing Techniques Office) funded by DARPA (Defence Advanced Research Project Agency). It was conceived and planned by Lick Licklider, Lawrence Roberts and Stephen D. Crocker and the  ARPANET would have the TCP/IP protocol suite implemented.

The ARPANET was made on August 30, 1969, when BBN (Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.) delivered the first IMP (Interface Message Processor) to Leonard Kleinrock's Network Measurements Center at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles). The UCLA team was responsible for installing the IMP and creating the first ARPANET node, which was done by Vinton Cerf, Steve Crocker, Bill Naylor, Jon Postel and Mike Wingfield.

 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Arpanet_logical_map%2C_march_1977.png In 1983, an unclassified military only network called MILNET split off from the ARPANET, which later became part of the DoD Defense Data Network. ARPANET managed to become global in 1985, as there were gateways to external networks across NA, Europe and in Australia. But as with all things come to an end eventually, for ARPANET it was in 1990, when people and associations started using NSFNET (National Science Foundation Network) instead.

Handheld game consoles

In 1976, the very first  handheld electronic game Auto Race was introduced by Mattel.

The world's first handheld console with interchangable cartriges, Microvision was released in 1979, which was made by Milton Bradley and designed by Jay Smith. Microvision was gone from the market in two years, because of the small selection of games and the delicacy of the device that made it break easily.

Milton-Bradley-Microvision-Handheld-FL.jpg

The Game & Watch was the first series of handheld electronic games, made by Nintendo and created by its game designer Gupei Yokoi from 1980 to 1991. Nintedo has been the biggest handheld game console market competitor ever since and has remained ontop, with multiple series releases, such as Game Boy and Nintendo DS, with the latest release in late 2019 Switch series.

Game & Watch.png

There have been many others who have tried to join the handheld console market, but not finding the same success due to the fact that Nintendo also makes it's own exclusive games (e.g. Mario Party or Mario Kart) that can be only be played on their own Nintendo consoles.

Kup Mario Kart 8 Deluxe Switch Nintendo Eshop

References:

https://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm

https://gamicus.fandom.com/wiki/History_of_handheld_game_consoles

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